TAGS: Epoxy Coatings Wood Coatings Aerospace Coatings Automotive Coatings
Empa researchers develop an epoxy resin that can be repaired and recycled, in addition to being flame-retardant and mechanically strong. Potential applications range from coating for wooden flooring to composites in aerospace and railways.
Epoxy resins are tough and versatile polymers. In combination with glass or carbon fibers, they are used, for example, to manufacture components for aircraft, cars, trains, ships and wind turbines. Such epoxy-based fiber-reinforced polymers have excellent mechanical and thermal properties and are much lighter than metal. But they are not recyclable.
Retains Favorable Thermomechanical Properties
Now Empa researchers led by Sabyasachi Gaan at Empa's Advanced Fibers laboratory have developed an epoxy resin-based plastic that is fully recyclable, repairable and also flame retardant – all while retaining the favorable thermomechanical properties of epoxy resins.
Recycling epoxy resins is anything but trivial, because these plastics are so-called thermosets. In this type of polymer, the polymer chains are closely crosslinked. These chemical crosslinks make melting impossible. Once the plastic has hardened, it can no longer be reshaped.
The unique epoxy resin that the Empa researchers have developed in collaboration with national and international partners is technically a thermoset – but unlike other thermosets, it can be reshaped like a thermoplast. The key is the addition of a very special functional molecule from the class of phosphonate esters into the new resin matrix.
"
We originally synthesized this molecule as a flame retardant," said Wenyu Wu Klingler, Empa scientist and co-inventor of this technology. However, the bond the molecule forms with the polymer chains of the epoxy resin is dynamic and can be broken under certain conditions. This loosens the crosslinking of the polymer chains so that they can be melted and reshaped.
Such materials, also known as vitrimers, have only been known for about ten years and are considered particularly promising.
Composite Material
"
Today, fiber-reinforced composites are not recyclable at all, except under very harsh conditions, which damage the recovered fibers," explained Wu Klingler. "
Once they have reached the end of their service life, they are incinerated or disposed of in landfills. With our plastic, it would be possible for the first time to bring them back into circulation again."
"
Our vision for the future," said Sabyasachi Gaan, group leader. "
It is a composite material, in which both the fibers and the plastic matrix can be completely separated and reused. The production of carbon fibers requires a lot of energy and releases an enormous amount of CO2."
You Might Like: Online Course - Developing Flame Retardant Coatings for Market Success
The researcher sees an opportunity in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics in particular, as they're commonly used in the construction of airplanes, trains, boats, cars, bicycles and more. "
If we could recycle them, their environmental footprint would be a lot better and the price a lot lower,” explained Gaan. Moreover, the recovery of valuable elements like phosphorus connected to the matrix polymer would be possible.
Suitable for Wooden Floor Coatings
Fiber-reinforced composites are not the only application for the new polymer. For example, it could be used to coat wooden floors, as a transparent, resistant layer that has good flame-retardant properties and where scratches and dents can be ‘healed’ with a little pressure and heat.
"
We didn't develop a single material for a specific purpose, but rather a toolbox," added Gaan. "
Flame retardancy, recyclability and repairability are a given. We can optimize all other properties depending on the intended use. For example, flow characteristics are particularly important for the production of fiber-reinforced plastics, while exterior wood coatings should also be weather-resistant.”
To pursue these and other applications of the material, the researchers are now looking for industrial partners. The chances of commercial success are good. In addition to all its other advantageous properties, the modified epoxy polymer is also inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
Source: Empa