It is clear that laws governing the use of VOC-containing coatings are becoming increasingly more stringent. For example, the maximum permissible level of VOC for Essential Public Service Coatings in California has been 100 g/L since July 1, 2006. It is reasonable to expect that other states will eventually enact similar legislation. For coatings manufacturers, future success depends upon the availability of products that have low levels of VOC; these products will provide a safer workplace for applicators and result in a cleaner environment. Since 1982, when the first bisphenol A-based solid epoxy dispersion and modified amine system came to market as an adduct suitable for metal protection, water-based epoxy systems have been used for high-performance industrial primers and topcoats over metal due to their fast dry time, corrosion resistance, good pot life and low odor. Although water-based epoxies have successfully replaced traditional solvent-based epoxy/polyamide coatings in many high-performance industrial applications, the VOC content of these water-based epoxies is typically 200-350 g/L.